![]() ![]() The 2016 CETUP* summer program consisted of three sessions (June 6 – July 16, 2016) covering various aspects of theoretical and experimental neutrino physics, unification and dark matter. Scientists invited to participate in the program not only provided theoretical support to the underground science, more » but they also examined core questions including: What is the nature of dark matter?, What is the origin of the neutrino masses?, How well do we know the neutrino parameters?, How have neutrinos shaped the evolution of the universe?,, What are the fundamental underlying symmetries of the Universe? Is there a Grand Unified Theory of the Universe? and many others. CETUP*2016 was focused exactly on these subjects bringing together experts in dark matter, neutrino physics, particle and nuclear physics, astrophysics and cosmology from around the world. Ongoing and proposed Neutrino and Dark Matter experiments are expected to unveil the answers to fundamental questions about the Universe. (TTT) « lessįor last six years Center for Theoretical Underground Physics and Related Areas (CETUP*) successfully provided a stimulating environment for creative thinking and open communication between researches of varying ages and nationalities in dynamic atmosphere of intense scientific interactions. Both the IUPAC and the IUPAP recommended adoption of the new system, the unit u of which 1/ 12 of the mass of the nuclide C12. This mass unit differs from the chemical system's unit only by 0.0043%. ![]() Gamow and Bethe proposed He/sup 4/ = 4 as reference Selinov and Dole F/sup 19/ = 19 Nier and Olander C/sup 12/ = 12 the latter considered also O/sup 18/ = 18. Many proposals were made, taking into account all the nuclides, isotopes, isobars, and istones alike. The problem was more » repeatedly discussed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. Subsequent discovery of the O/sup 17/ and O/sup 18/ isotopes resulted in the creation of separate chemical'' atomic weight and physical'' atomic mass systems the chemical'' unit was equal 1.000275 x physical'' unit. The International Commission on Atomic Weights chose 1/16 of the weight of O as the unit at the start of this century this was further refined later by Aston, setting O/sup 16/ = 16. At the start of the last century Dalton proposed the use of the weight of H as the unit of atomic weights later Berzelius suggested O as the reference weight. ![]()
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